T Codes in General Ledger Accounting SAP FICO

T Codes in General Ledger Accounting

1. To view posting documents - FB03
2. To view GL master record - FBL3N
3. To view GL master record Line items - FS10N
4. To change Line Items of a document - FB09
5. To Change Document - FB02
6. To park GL Account - F-65
7. To view parking documents - FBV3
8. To Delete, Edit, Clear Parked Document - FBV0
9. Clear GL Account - F-03
10.Reverse GL Document - FB08

GL Master Records in General Ledger Accounting SAP FICO

GL Master Records

Definition:

A data record containing information that controls how data is entered into a G/L account and how that account is managed.

This includes, for example, the currency in which an account is managed.

GL Master Records

Manual
-Two-Step
1) Chart of Accounts Segment 2) Company Code Segment
One-Step: Create both segments simultaneously

Copying
- Copying an individual GL account with reference to another GL account.
- Copy the entire company code segment.
- Copy the entire chart of account segment.


Create GL Master Records (Step 1)
Menu Path: Easy Access – Accounting – Financial Accounting – General Ledger - Master Records –Individual Processing – Create Centrally
T Code : FS00


Steps:
1. Enter GL A/c Code
2. Enter Co. Code
3. Enter A/c group
4. Select P&L or B/S
5. Enter Short Text
6. Enter Long Text
7. Click ‘Control Data’



Create GL Master Records (Step 2)

Menu Path: Easy Access – Accounting – Financial Accounting – General Ledger - Master Records –Individual Processing – Create Centrally
T Code : FS00


Steps:
1. Enter Currency
2. Select Line Item
3. Enter Sort Key
4. Select Recon A/c (If necessary)
5. Click ‘Create/Bank/Interest’



Create GL Master Records (Step 3)

Menu Path: Easy Access – Accounting – Financial Accounting – General Ledger - Master Records –Individual Processing – Create Centrally
T Code : FS00


Steps:
1. Enter Field Status group
2. SAVE the settings

Retained Earning Account in General Ledger Accounting SAP FICO

Retained Earning Account

Definition:

With the P&L statement account type, you determine the retained earnings account for each P&L account. The retained earnings account is used during year-end closing to calculate the company's result.

If you are creating a P&L account, you must make an entry here.


Define Retained Earning Account
Menu Path: IMG – Financial Accounting – General Ledger Accounting – General Ledger Accounts –Master Records – Preparation – Define Retained Earning A/c
T Code : OB53



Steps:
Enter Chart of Accounts
1. Enter ‘X’
2. Enter Liabilities A/c
3. SAVE the settings
4. Press Enter

Account Groups & Number Ranges in General Ledger Accounting SAP FICO

Account Groups

Definition:

The account group is a classifying feature within the G/L account master records. The account group is a required entry.

The account group determines the fields for the entry screens if you create or change a master record in the company code. The account group also determines in which number interval the account number must be.

Number Ranges

Definition:

The number of the G/L account identifies the G/L account in a chart of accounts.
The number of this G/L account determines the lower and upper limit of the G/L account interval.

Account Groups and Number Ranges

ASSETS
100000
To
199999

LIABILITIES
200000
To
299999

INCOME
300000
To
399999

EXPENSES
400000
To
499999

Define Account Groups and Number Ranges
Menu Path: IMG – Financial Accounting – General Ledger Accounting – General Ledger Accounts –Master Records – Preparation – Define Account Group
T Code : OBD4


Steps:
Click ‘New Entries’
1. Enter Co. Code
2. Enter A/c Group
3. Enter Group Name
4. Enter From A/c No.
5. Enter To A/c No.
6. SAVE the settings

Chart of Account in General Ledger Accounting SAP FICO

Chart of Accounts

Definition:

Key that uniquely identifies a chart of accounts.

A classification scheme consisting of a group of general ledger (G/L) accounts.

A chart of accounts provides a framework for the recording of values to ensure an
orderly rendering of accounting data. The G/L accounts it contains are used by one or
more company codes.

For each G/L account, the chart of accounts contains the account number, the account
name, and technical information.

A chart of accounts must be assigned to each company code. This chart of accounts is
the operative chart of accounts and is used in both financial accounting and cost
accounting. Other charts of accounts include:

o Country-specific charts of accounts - These are structured in accordance with legal
requirements of the country in question

o Group chart of accounts - This is structured in accordance with requirements
pertaining to Consolidation.

Chart of Accounts

The Definition of chart of account contains:
- Char of accounts key
- Description

General Information
- Maintenance Language
- Length of the G\L account number

Controlling Integration
- Manual or Automatic creation of cost element

Consolidation
- Group chart of accounts

Status
- "Blocked" indicator


Types of Chart of Accounts
- Group Chart of account
- Country-specific chart of account


Define Chart of Accounts

Menu Path: IMG – Financial Accounting – General Ledger Accounting – General Ledger Accounts –
Master Records – Preparation – Edit Chart of accounts list
T Code : OB13


Steps:
Click ‘New Entries’
1. Enter 4 digit code
2. Enter Description
3. Enter Language
4. Enter Length of GL
5. SAVE the settings



Assign Company Code to Chart of Accounts
Menu Path: IMG – Financial Accounting – General Ledger Accounting – General Ledger Accounts –Master Records – Preparation – Assign Company Code to Chart of accounts
T Code : OB62



Steps:
1. Click ‘Position’
2. Enter Co. Code
3. Enter CoA Code
4. SAVE the settings

Financial Accounting - Global Settings in SAP FICO

Define Fiscal Year
Define Posting Periods
Define Field Status Variant
Define Tolerance group for Users
Define Document Types and Assign Number ranges
Define Posting Keys

Assigning all above to Company Code

Fiscal Year

Definition:
A period of usually 12 months, for which the company produces financial statements and takes inventory.

A fiscal year need not correspond to the calendar year. Under certain circumstances, fiscal years containing fewer than 12 months are also permitted (short fiscal year).

Fiscal Year Variant
Definition:
The fiscal year variant is used to define the fiscal year.

You can define the following using a fiscal year variant:

o How many posting periods are in a fiscal year
o How many special periods you require
o How the system determines the posting periods when posting.

In the definition, you allocate your posting periods to the calendar year.

Allocation control requires the same number of posting periods in the company code and
in the assigned controlling area.

This means that the number of posting periods in the fiscal year variants must be the
same in the company code and in the controlling area. The period limits for the two fiscal
year variants must also coincide.

You must define which fiscal year variant is to be used for each company code. To do
this, you must define the appropriate fiscal year variant (to contain no more than 16
periods).

Fiscal Year
Fiscal Year – Year Independent
Fiscal Year – Year Dependent

Normal and Special Periods
Normal Periods 1 to 12
Special Periods 13 to 16

Open/Close Posting Periods


Define Fiscal Year Variant
Menu Path: IMG – Financial Accounting – Financial Accounting Global Settings – Fiscal year - Fiscal year Variant
T Code : OB29

Steps:
Click ‘New Entries’
1. Select ‘V3’
2. Click ‘Copy as’
3. Change ‘V3’ as ‘SV’
4. SAVE the settings
5. Click ‘Copy all’
6. Press ‘Enter’
7. SAVE

Assign Company Code to Fiscal Year Variant
Menu Path: IMG – Financial Accounting – Financial Accounting Global Settings – Fiscal year – Assign Company Code to Fiscal year Variant
T Code : OB37

Steps:
1. Click ‘Position’
2. Enter Co. Code
3. Enter FYV
4. SAVE the settings

Posting Periods

Definition:
A period within a fiscal year for which transaction figures are updated.

Every transaction that is posted is assigned to a particular posting period. The transaction figures are then updated for this period.

Posting Period Variant
Definition:

This describes the specifications for a posting period (for example, beginning and end).

Each company code refers to exactly one variant. Therefore, as many company codes as you require can use the same variant.

Define Variant for Open Posting Period
Menu Path: IMG – Financial Accounting – Financial Accounting Global Settings – Documents – Posting Period – Define Variant for Open Posting Period
T Code : OBBO


Steps:
Click ‘New Entries’
1. Enter 4 digit code
2. Enter Variant Name
3. SAVE the settings

Open and close Posting Periods
Menu Path: IMG – Financial Accounting – Financial Accounting Global Settings – Documents – Posting Period – Open and close Posting Periods
T Code : OB52


Steps:
Click ‘New Entries’
1. Enter 4 digit variant
2. Enter ‘+’
3. Enter starting Period
4. Enter Year
5. Enter Ending period
6. Enter year
7. Enter First Spl Period
8. Enter Year
9. Enter End Spl Period
10.Enter Year
11.SAVE the settings

Assign Company Code to Posting Period Variant
Menu Path: IMG – Financial Accounting – Financial Accounting Global Settings – Documents – Posting Period – Assign Company Code to Posting period Variant
T Code : OBBP



Steps:
1. Click ‘Position’
2. Enter Co. Code
2. Enter Variant Code
3. SAVE the settings

Field Status Variant

Definition:
A field status variant groups together several field status groups. You assign a field status variant to each company code.

The field status group specifies which fields are ready for input, which fields must be filled or which fields are suppressed when entering documents. This specification is known as the field status.

Field Status Variant

Define Field status Variant
Menu Path: IMG – Financial Accounting – Financial Accounting Global Settings – Documents – Line Items –Controls – Maintain field status Variant
T Code : OBC4



Steps:
Click ‘New Entries’
1. Select ‘0001’
2. Click ‘Copy as’
3. Change ‘0001’ as ‘SIVA’
4. SAVE the settings
5. Click ‘Copy all’
6. Press ‘Enter’
7. SAVE


Assign Company Code to Field Status Variant
Menu Path: IMG – Financial Accounting – Financial Accounting Global Settings – Documents – Line Items – Controls - Assign Company Code to Field Status Variant
T Code : OBC5

Steps:
1. Click ‘Position’
2. Enter Co. Code
2. Enter Variant Code
3. SAVE the settings

Tolerance Group for Users

Definition:
An accepted deviation from specified values. With reference to the key, tolerances for the entry of documents and the granting of cash discounts can be determined for all employees
of the group for payment settlement.

Tolerance Group for Employees
Define Tolerance Group for Users
Menu Path: IMG – Financial Accounting – Financial Accounting Global Settings – Documents – Line Items – Controls – Define Tolerance group for Users
T Code : OBA4



Steps:
Click ‘New Entries’
1. Enter Co. Code
2. Enter Currency ‘INR’
3. Enter Max Amount
4. Enter Amount
5. Enter Percentage
6. Enter Amount
7. Enter Percentage
8. SAVE

Document Types

Definition:
The document type classifies accounting documents. It is noted in the document header.
Attributes that control the entry of the document or which are themselves stored in the document are stipulated for each document type. In particular, the number range assigned to the relevant documents is determined on the basis of the document type.

Define Document Types
Menu Path: IMG – Financial Accounting – Financial Accounting Global Settings – Documents – Document Header – Define Document Types
T Code : OBA7



Steps:
Click ‘New Entries’
1. Enter Doc Type
2. Define No. range
3. Define Rev Doc type
4. Define A/c type
5. Select Control fields
6. Select req fields
7. SAVE the settings

Number range

Definition:
Number which identifies the number range for the number assignment.

The process by which numbers are allocated to business objects.

There are two types of number assignment:

o Internal number assignment occurs automatically in the R/3
System.
o External number assignment is performed either by the user or an
external system.

Document Types and Number Ranges

Define Number Ranges for Document Types
Menu Path: IMG – Financial Accounting – Financial Accounting Global Settings – Documents – Document Header – Define Document Types
T Code : OBA7


Steps:
1. Double click ‘Doc Type’
2. Click ‘No. range info’
3. Enter Co. code
4. Click ‘Change Interval’
5. Click ‘Insert Interval’
6. Enter Sl No.
7. Enter Year
8. Enter From No.
9. Enter To No.
10. SAVE the settings

Posting Keys

Definition:
The posting key describes the type of transaction which is entered in a line item.

For every posting key, you specify properties which control the entry of the line item or are noted in the line item itself.

The most important properties which are derived from the posting key are:
o The account type
o The allocation to the debits or credits side
o The possible or necessary specifications which are to be entered in the line item.

Account Type

Definition:
A key that specifies the accounting area to which an account belongs.

Examples of account types are:
o Asset accounts
o Customer accounts
o Vendor accounts
o G/L accounts

The account type is required in addition to the account number to identify an account, because the same account number can be used for each account type.

Posting Keys and Account Types
Account Types in SAP
Define Posting Keys
Menu Path: IMG – Financial Accounting – Financial Accounting Global Settings – Documents – Line Items – Controls – Define Posting Keys
T Code : OB41


Steps:
1. Click ‘Create’
2. Enter Posting Key
3. Define Key Name
4. Define Debit/Credit
5. Define A/c type
6. SAVE the settings

Line Item

Definition:

The part of a document containing information on a single item.

This information includes the:
o Amount
o Account number
o Whether the item is a debit or credit
o Additional information depending on the transaction to be posted.

Define Credit Controlling Area SAP FiCO

Definition:

The credit control area is an organizational entity which grants and monitors a credit limit for customers. A credit control area can include one or more company codes.

You can also enter the credit control area separately for each posting, if this was marked in the appropriate company code.

It follows that company codes and credit control areas are not linked. The only thing that you define in the company code table is the default credit control area. This is used either for payments on account to credit these payments, or where you did not enter a credit control area or the system could not determine one.


Define Credit Controlling Area
Menu Path: IMG – Enterprise Structure – Definition – Financial Accounting – Define Credit Controlling Area
T Code : OB45

Steps:
Click ‘New Entries’
1. Enter 4 Digit Code
2. Enter Currency
3. Enter Credit Limit
4. SAVE the settings

Assign Company Code to Credit Controlling Area
Menu Path: IMG – Enterprise Structure – Assignment – Financial Accounting – Assign Company code to Credit Control Area
T Code : SPRO

Steps:
1. Click ‘Position’
2. Enter Co. Code
3. Enter Cr Ctrl Area
4. SAVE the settings

Define Functional Area in SAP FiCo

Definition:
Structure criteria for an enterprise or government with functional
aspects.
The functional area is required to create a profit and loss account in
Financial Accounting using cost-of-sales accounting. The following
are examples of structure criteria:
o Manufacture
o Administration
o Sales
o Research and development

Define Functional Area
Menu Path: IMG – Enterprise Structure – Definition – Financial Accounting – Define Functional Area
T Code : SPRO

Steps:
Click ‘New Entries’
1. Enter 4 Digit Code
2. Enter Name of the
Functional Area
3. SAVE the settings

Define Business Area in SAP FiCo

Definition:
An organizational unit of financial accounting that represents a separate area of operations or responsibilities within an organization and to which value changes recorded in Financial Accounting can be allocated.

You can create financial statements for business areas, and you can use these statements for various internal reporting purposes.

Define Business Area
Menu Path: IMG – Enterprise Structure – Definition – Financial Accounting – Define Business Area.
T Code : OX03

Steps:
Click ‘New Entries’
1. Enter 4 Digit Code
2. Enter Name of the
Business Area
3. SAVE the settings

Define company in SAP FICO

Definition of Company:

The smallest organizational unit for which individual financial statements can be drawn up according to the relevant commercial law.

A company can consist of one or more company codes.

All company codes within a company must use the same transaction chart of accounts and the same fiscal year breakdown. The company code currencies can be different.

A company has one local currency in which its transaction figures are recorded.

Define company

Menu Path: IMG – Enterprise Structure – Definition – Financial Accounting – Define Company

T Code : OX15

Steps:
Click ‘New Entries’
1. Enter 4 Digit Code
2. Enter name of the
Company
3. Fill the Address
4. Enter Country Code
5. Enter language
6. Enter Currency
7. SAVE the settings

Definition of Company Code:

The smallest organizational unit of Financial Accounting for which a complete self-contained set of accounts can be drawn up for purposes of external reporting.

This includes recording of all relevant transactions and generating all supporting documents required for financial statements.

The process of external reporting involves recording all relevant transactions and generating all supporting documents for financial statements such as balance sheets and profit and loss statements.

Define Company Code

Menu Path: IMG – Enterprise Structure – Definition – Financial Accounting – Edit, Copy, Delete Company Code

T Code : OX02

Steps:
Click ‘New Entries’
1. Enter 4 Digit Code
2. Enter Name of the
Company Code
3. Enter the located City
4. Enter Country Code
5. Enter Currency
6. Enter Language
7. SAVE the settings
8. Enter the Details
9. Press ‘Enter’
10.SAVE

Assign Company Code to Company
Menu Path: IMG – Enterprise Structure – Assignment – Financial Accounting – Assign Company code to Company
T Code : OX16

Steps:
1. Click ‘Position’
2. Enter Company Code
3. Enter Company
4. SAVE

Enterprise Structure Settings in Fico

Enterprise Structure Settings

Define Company
Define Company Code
Define Business Area
Define Functional Area
Define Credit Controlling Area

Assigning all above settings to Company Code

ASAP Methodology

1. Project Preparation, in which the project team is identified and mobilized, the project standards are defined, and the project work environment is set up;

2. Blueprint, in which the business processes are defined and the business blueprint document is designed;

3. Realization, in which the system is configured, knowledge transfer occurs, extensive unit testing is completed, and data mappings and data requirements for migration are defined;

4. Final Preparation, in which final integration testing, stress testing and conversion testing are conducted, and all end users are trained; and

5. Go-Live and Support, in which the data is migrated from the legacy systems, the new system is activated, and post implementation support is provided.

SAP History

The 1970s: A Real-Time Vision
In 1972, five former IBM employees launch a company called Systems, Applications, and
Products in Data Processing in Mannheim, Germany. One year later, the first financial
accounting software is complete, forming the basis for the continuous development of other
software components in what later came to be known as the "R/1 system.

The 1980s: Rapid Growth
The SAP R/2 system attains the high level of stability of the previous generation of
programs.

The 1990s: A New Approach to Software and Solutions
SAP R/3 is unleashed on the market. By 1996, the company has earned 1,089 new SAP R/3
customers. At the end of the year, SAP R/3 has been installed in more than 9,000 systems
worldwide.

The 2000s: Innovation for the New Millennium
With the Internet, the user becomes the focus of software applications. Currently, more than
12 million users work each day with SAP solutions. There are now 121,000 installations
worldwide, more than 1,500 SAP partners, over 25 industry-specific business solutions, and
more than 41,200 customers in 120 countries. SAP is the world's third-largest independent
software vendor.

What is SAP

S – Systems A – Applications P – Products

SAP, started in 1972 by five former IBM employees in Mannheim, Germany, states that it is the world's largest inter-enterprise software company and the world's fourth-largest independent software supplier, overall.

SAP have a very high level of integration among its individual applications which guarantee consistency of data throughout the system and the company itself.

What is ERP and Definition

E – Enterprise R – Resource P - Planning

Definition:

An integrated information system that serves all departments within an enterprise ERP is a way to integrate the data and processes of an organization into one single system Software solution that addresses the enterprise needs taking the process view of an organizational goals tightly integrating all functions of an enterprise.

ERP Implementation methods

The Big Bang

The installation of ERP systems of all modules happens across the
entire organization at once. The big bang approach promised to reduce
the integration cost in the condition of thorough and careful execution

Modular Implementation

The method of modular implementation goes after one ERP module at
a time. This limits the scope of implementation usually to one functional
department. This approach suits companies that do not share many
common processes across departments or business units.

Process oriented Implementation

The process-oriented implementation focuses on the support of one or
a few critical business processes which involves a few business units.